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ReferenceFootball, Explained

Football, explained

The rules, jargon and small print of the game, answered in plain English and kept current. Ask a better question than "what does that mean" and we'll probably add it.

How many yellow cards before a suspension?

In the Premier League it works on rising thresholds with cut-off dates:

Yellow cardsWindowBan
5Club's first 19 league games1 match
10Up to and including matchweek 322 matches
15Any point in the season3 matches

Pass a cut-off without reaching the number and you're safe from that particular ban: a player on 4 bookings after 19 games can't be suspended for the 5-card threshold any more. Premier League bookings don't carry into the FA Cup or League Cup, and the count resets to zero every season (an unserved ban still carries over).

Who's actually close right now? The live suspension watch tracks every player within touching distance of a ban.

What is a release clause?

A figure written into a player's contract at which the club's hand is forced: bid that amount and the club must accept and let the player talk terms. In England they're optional, negotiated deal by deal, and often kept quiet or conditional (active only in certain windows, or if the club is relegated).

Spain is the different one. There, every player must have a buyout clause, and it's the player (funded by the buying club) who deposits the fee with the league to force the move. That's why Spanish clauses are public knowledge and English ones leak out through reporting.

Rumoured fees and clauses show up on our tracked rumour cards with the journalist who reported them.

What is a clean sheet?

Finishing a match without conceding. It's credited to the team and, informally, to the goalkeeper — the stat behind the Golden Glove. The Premier League career record is Petr Čech's 202, which sits in our record book alongside the rest of the all-time lists.

What is FFP?

Financial Fair Play: the umbrella term for rules limiting club losses. The Premier League's current version is PSR (Profitability and Sustainability Rules), a £105m loss cap over any three seasons, with squad-cost rules arriving alongside it. We keep a full explainer with the live numbers per club: PSR, explained properly.

Deeper dives

Commissioned long-reads that take one question and answer it properly. The full set lives in the Football, Explained series archive.

Rules checked against the FA's player discipline guidance for 2025/26 and updated when the laws or thresholds change. Related reference: Premier League records, PSR explained, our methodology.

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